Alexander McCaul on Prophecy
Alexander McCaul D.D. (1799–1863) was Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis at King’s College, London, and Prebendary of St. Paul’s. He was the author of an essay on prophecy, published as Essay III in: AIDS TO FAITH; edited by William Thomson. [JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON. 1870. pp. 81-132.]
Daniel Katterns on the miracle of Joshua
Daniel Katterns was the author of a critique on a paper by J. von Gumpach: ON THE MIRACLE OF JOSHUA, [The Journal of sacred literature, ed. by J. Kitto. vol 3. 1949. pp. 136-151.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=e_kDAAAAQAAJ
Both articles have the same title. Katterns’ critique appears in: The Journal of Sacred Literature, C. Cox, vol V, 1851. pp. 209-222.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=bLYRAAAAYAAJ
A. Y. Collins on Daniel 8
In her book “Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apoocalypticism” Adela Yarbro Collins wrote referring to Daniel chapter 8:
[BRILL, 2000
https://books.google.ca/books?id=eZv1JZAHdg0C
p. 59-60.]
E. S. Gruen on Antiochus IV and the Jews
Erich S. Gruen, the author of “Hellenism and Persecution: Antiochus IV and the Jews,” considered theories of scholars about the reasons Antiochus IV may have had for imposing his notorious hellenisation policies upon the Jews, although under previous Seleucid rule, the Jews had been treated with favour. Gruen’s paper is included in “Hellenistic History and Culture,” edited by Peter Green. [Green, Peter, editor. Hellenistic History and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1993. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0000035f/%5D
The Mosaic record of Creation by Alexander McCaul
Alexander McCaul D.D. (1799–1863) was Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis at King’s College, London, and Prebendary of St. Paul’s. He was the author of The Mosaic record of Creation, published in: AIDS TO FAITH; edited by William Thomson. [JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON. 1870. pp. 89-234.]
E. R. Bevan on Antiochus IV and the Jews
The following is part of E. R. Bevan’s account of the history of Antiochus IV, and of his influence upon the Jews in the second century BC.
Bevan, Edwyn Robert, 1902.
The House of Seleucus, Vol II
Edward Arnold, London
E.R. Bevan on Antiochus IV and the Conquest of Egypt
Below is E.R. Bevan’s account of the campaign of Antiochus IV in Egypt
ANTIOCHUS IV AND THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT
Bevan, Edwyn Robert, 1902.
THE HOUSE OF SELEUCUS, Vol II
Edward Arnold, London.
E.R. Bevan on Antiochus IV
The following is an account by E. R. Bevan of some aspects of the reign of Antiochus IV, king of Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia in the first part of the second century B.C.
Bevan, Edwyn Robert, 1902. THE HOUSE OF SELEUCUS, Vol II, Edward Arnold, London.
Pages 148-161.
Ps. Longinus On the sublime, and Genesis 1
“On the Sublime” is a work of literary criticism written in the first century, generally attributed to an author called Pseudo Longinus.
Longinus On the sublime.
Henry Frowde, M.A.
Publisher to the University of Oxford
London, Edinburgh New York and Toronto. 1906.
Ben Vandergugten on The Waters Above the Firmament
One of the most dark, and hidden subjects related to the Scriptures is the meaning of the firmament of Genesis 1, and of the waters that are said to be above the heavens. The apostle Peter said: “We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts: Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” (2 Peter 1:19-210)
The geocentric cosmology of Thomas M. Strouse
Dr. Thomas M. Strouse, Dean and Professor Emeritus of Emmanuel Baptist Theological Seminary, Newington, Connecticut has a Bachelor of Science degree from Purdue University, and a Ph.D from Bob Jones University. He is the author of THE GEOCENTRIC COSMOLOGY OF GENESIS 1:1-19, presented below, in which he defends his geocentric interpretation of the cosmology of Genesis and the OT.
THE BIBLE AND COSMOLOGY by Dr. R. Laird Harris
Dr. R. Laird Harris (1911-2008) was Professor of Old Testament at Covenant Theological
Seminary. He served as chairman of the Committee on Bible Translation which produced
the New International Version. He was co-author of Theological Wordbook of the Old
Testament. In the article below, he takes issue with some aspects of an article on biblical
cosmology in The Hastings Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics.
Denis O. Lamoureux on the firmament and waters above
Denis O. Lamoureux is the author of “Lessons from the Heavens: On Scripture, Science and Inerrancy.” [Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, Volume 59, Number 1, March 2007.]
https://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/p_heavens.pdf
The article focuses upon concordism as an interpretive approach to biblical cosmology in contrast to what he calls a modern phenomenological perspective. Lamoureux included the following discussion of the firmament:
Thomas Aquinas and the waters above the heavens
The following is from the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, presenting his discussion of the Genesis account of creation of the firmament, and his explanation of the waters above the firmament.
[url=http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1068.htm]http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1068.htm[/url]
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest who is known for his attempt to synthesize Aristotle’s philosophy with Christianity. Catholics regard him as a Doctor of the Church.
Because he lived centuries before the date that the prophecy of Daniel 8 specifies for the “cleansing of the sanctuary,” (about 1750 A.D., 23 centuries after the vision given in the third year of Belshazzar, 550 B.C.) and because his conception of the heavens was influenced by the theories of Plato and Aristotle, and by cosmological corruptions introduced in Scripture by Antiochus IV and his agents, foretold by Daniel, Thomas’s writings about the firmament and the waters above are more darkness than light.
Nicholas of Cusa and Daniel’s 2,300 days
The following is LeRoy Froom’s discussion of Nicholas of Cusa’s interpretation of the 2,300 days of Daniel 8:13-14, which he correctly explained as representing 2,300 years, that began in the third year of Belshazzar, the date of the vision (c. 550 B.C.), [Dan. 8:1] and ended about 1750 A.D.
The PROPHETIC FAITH OF OUR FATHERS
The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
by Le Roy Edwin Froom
VOLUME II. REVIEW AND HERALD. 1948
pp. 124-137.
John Hutchinson and Bible Cosmology
In 1727 John Hutchinson (1674–1737) published ‘Moses’s Principia,’ in which he attempted to defend his interpretation of the cosmology of the Bible, against that of Sir Isaac Newton, and Dr. Samuel Clarke, who publicized Newton’s ideas in the Boyle lectures, and of Dr. John Woodward, (1665–1728) physician to the duke of Somerset. Hutchinson ridiculed Woodward’s treatise, The Natural History of the Earth. Hutchinson also attacked Clark for his heterodox views on the Trinity as well as for his Newtonian natural philosophy.
The waters above the heavens
The following is a brief account of the history of the notion of “waters above the heavens” that followed from the identification of the ‘raqia’ or ‘firmament’ made on the second day with heaven, by the insertion of “And God called the firmament Heaven,” [Gen. 1:8] one of the key changes implemented by Antiochus IV and his agents in the second century BC. Since the ‘raqia’ was a solid layer formed in the midst of the primeval waters, that separated the upper from the lower waters, identifying it with heaven implies waters above the heavens. For centuries, theologians and astronomers struggled to understand these mysterious upper waters.
Francis Bacon and the firmament
The scientific revolution in astronomy that occurred about 1750 AD fulfilled the prophecy of Daniel 8:13-14, when an angelic messenger or saint answered the question, “How long shall be the vision concerning the tamiyd [continual] and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?” The answer came: “And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.” Read more…
Did the sun stand still?
Martin Luther reportedly denounced Copernicus and declared, “I believe the Holy Scriptures, for Joshua commanded the sun to stand still, not the earth” (Luther, Table Talk, pp. 358-59)
Eudoxus and Ezekiel’s wheel theophany
Ezekiel’s description of the firmament in Ezekiel 1 is similar in some respects to Exodus 24:9-11. In both the Ex. 24 account and in Ezekiel, the firmament is likened to a sapphire stone, with God above, like Zeus seated above the rigid heaven.
Creation Concept 
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